![]() ![]() These objects, known from the Old Testament, were easily assimilated into the Christian cult of Relics. Especially of interest to this audience were the spoils from the Jerusalem Temple, shown on the arch and believed to be preserved in Rome. For Marie-Thérèse Champagne, “the Arch of Titus stood as a mute but powerful witness to the past,” both for Christians and Jews during the Middle Ages (essay no. Rather than dwelling on the arch itself, other than to mention the word “divus” from the attic inscription, Galit Hasan-Rokem’s treatment of Titus in rabbinic literature focuses primarily on the broader anthropological implications of the famous midrashic legend of Titus’s torment by a gnat (essay no. The remaining essays examine intriguing moments in the monument’s later history: among them, the response of both the medieval Jewish and Christian communities, its restoration in the nineteenth century, and echoes in later creations. But given the uncertainties regarding publication in the ancient world, his chronology seems overly exact. Some events are dated: the consecration of Vespasian’s Temple of Peace in 75, and the deaths of Vespasian and Titus in 79 and 81, respectively. Samuele Rocca revisits the often-studied early history of the arch, as documented through the “archeological remains of Flavian Rome and the writings of Josephus,” where he summarizes proposed datings for portions of the Bellum Judaicum(essay no. Ida Östenberg investigates the purpose and function of the arch-whether for Titus’s Judaean triumph, funeral, or apotheosis-and concludes that “ancient passersby would, in my opinion, have recognized elements from all three events and understood their meaning and interdependence” (essay no. ![]() 1.3) the depiction of the emperor’s apotheosis can only follow his passing. Moreover, the panel inset at the summit of the archway shows Titus in tunic and toga being carried aloft on the back of an eagle into the heavens (fig. Evidence from the monument itself indicates that its completion postdates the death of Titus (13 September 81)-the inscription carved onto the eastern face of the attic story refers to the divine or deified Titus ( divo Tito), a title the emperor would only have received posthumously (fig. The Arch of Titus ( Arcus divi Titi) is located on the Velia at the east end of the Forum on a hill between the Palatine and the Esquiline, but despite its prominence, the arch goes unmentioned in Latin literary works from the Flavian period. Josephus, Antiquitates Judaicae 3.291 –2). It would have been especially gratifying to know for certain that the two trumpets attached to the shewbread table-as shown in the Polychrome Model-were painted grey and not yellow, indicating silver rather than bronze, and thereby recalling the initial pair that Moses is said to have crafted for the Tabernacle at Sinai (Num. The other coloration of the mock-up is a hypothetical reconstruction done with the aid of comparanda, including computer scans and “comparisons with ancient Roman frescoes” (p. ![]() In his description of the triumph of 71 C.E., Flavius Josephus reports on its golden aspect ( Bellum Judaicum 7.148–9). Fine along with his collaborators revisits his earlier scientific examination of the actual relief, located on the interior south wall of the archway, when their findings for the Arch of Titus Project, of which Fine is the director, established unequivocally the original yellow ochre pigment of the menorah, invisible to the naked eye, in the nooks and crannies of the seven-branched candlestick (essay no. ARCH OF TITUS FULLOne object from the exhibit still on display is the full-scale mock-up of the panel showing the Spoils from the Temple of Jerusalem in full color (figs. In connection with the exhibit, an international team of scholars provides a broad treatment of The Arch of Titus, From Jerusalem to Rome-and Back. For Steven Fine, the Arch of Titus has been the subject of long study and recently the focus of an exhibition held at the Yeshiva University Museum from 14 September 2017 to 14 January 2018, both to commemorate his achievements and to illuminate its fascinating history. ![]()
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